THE USE OF ROLE PLAY TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ TRANSACTIONAL AND INTERPERSONAL SPEAKING SKILL

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Speaking lesson is very important for students who learn a foreign language to enable students to speak and communicate in that language. Speaking is a part of communicative approach which is used in some activities to practice English communicatively. In this case, students are expected to speak more using role play. In role play the teacher is in charge of the mechanic who plays what role and who sits where.

Teacher should pay attention to their students’ speaking as stated by Bygate (1988: vii):  Speaking is a skill which deserves  attention every bit as much as literary skills, in both first and second languages. Our learners often need to be able to speak with confidence in order to carry out many of their most frequently

judged, and through which they may make or lose friends. It is the vehicle part excellence of social solidarity, of social ranking, of professional advancement and of business. It is also a medium through which language is learnt, and which for many is particularly conducive or learning.

Teacher should help students to speak in class in order to have better fluency. He could do that by teaching his students with role play. Role play can be done by some ways. According to Bygate (1988: 69), role play is controlled through:

a.  cued dialogues

b.  cues and information

c.  situation and goals

d.  debate or discussion 

Therefore, the writer chooses cued dialogues to make it easier for students to practice speaking. They can practice  speaking by using role play in the classroom. The students can be divided into some groups to make it easier to do it. Holden (1981: 1) states that:  Anything can be done to make the learning process remote, and obviously transferrable to the world outside the classroom is to be welcomed.

Role play does not require much time. It gives motivation for the students in learning language especially in speaking. Students cannot predict what they will do in doing role play. Students should be interested and use their imagination and observation to make it better. They  are asked to communicate totally using English expressions and intonation. They should be active as actors. Students would pretend as other person while they are doing Role Play. It looks like drama. A person should act as if he were someone else or in another situation. Wooland (1993: 9) states: 

Drama is essentially a social art form. It is concerned with how individuals relate to the world they live in, how individuals interact with each other and with society in a wider sense.   Students are expected to be a good actor in a different situation. They should interact with another person and they could put their position in the right place. And it is expected that by using Role Play as a means of teaching speaking, the students will be more interested and more?? >????????

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NOUN PHRASE CONSTRUCTION FOUND IN REPORT GENRES IN FIRST YEAR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ TEXTBOOKS

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Language is something that is used  for communicating in spoken and written. According to Ramelan (2003: 1), “Man speaks a language as a means of communication with other people, as tool to express his ideas and wishes. Without language it is hard to imagine how people can cooperate and get along with another”. One of the languages in the world is English. English is one of the most important languages.

There are some reasons why English is really considered very important and has to be taught in Indonesia. First, as a developing country, Indonesia has to cooperate with other countries to carry about the development in all fields. In this position, English is really needed since it  is used as an International language. Second, Indonesia has to mastery English as an international language because in science and technology developments the  information Indonesia cannot work alone. Here, English is used as a tool to understand

and develop the information of science and technology progress.    

Knowing that the advantages of English for the development, our government always makes effort to improve the quality of the English teaching in Indonesia by stressing and taking it as a compulsory subject to be taught to the Junior High School and Senior High School. Our government stated in Content of Standard for English subject that is that English is a tool for communicating in spoken and written. Communicating is to understand and give information, thought, and feeling and develop the knowledge, technology and culture.

There is difference between spoken and written language. Written language is more complex than spoken language, because it needs correctness of grammar, content of words (lexical items), and also punctuation. Halliday (1985: 61) stated that written language displays much higher ratio of lexical items to total running words. If we often use written language, it means that  we use a lot of lexical items. Halliday(1985: 64) also explained that the number of lexical items as a proportion of thenumber of running words is called lexical density.

In English it self there are four skills and four components, which have to be mastered. The skills, they are listening, speaking, reading, and writing and the components consist of phonology, grammar (structure), vocabulary, and fluency, which are different with our native language. There are no certain directions as how grammar must be taught or learnt. The role of grammar is in part due to changing attitude toward the language it self that make them find difficulties to remember the grammar rules (Veit, 1986: 249). As we know that there are many subjects covered in grammar study, the writer limit the discussion into syntax, which is still, has a very close relationship with grammar. 

Syntax is the study of words are put together (Veit, 1986: 6). Based on that statement, syntax discuses the relation of words to other in  phrases, clauses, and sentences. It is stated above that one  of the language components is????????

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THE STUDENTS’ MASTERY IN USING QUESTION TAGS A CASE OF THE THIRD YEAR STUDENTS OF SMP N XXXX

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1  General Background of the Study

It is important to learn English because it is an international language for most people around the world. Moreover, English is the first foreign language in Indonesia and also one of the subjects taught in schools and courses.

Students or learners may get problems in learning English as the foreign language because there are many differences between Indonesian and English in term of grammar, vocabulary, etc. According to the 1994 English curriculum of SMP, the goal of English teaching at SMP is mainly to prepare the students to have the language skills (reading, listening, speaking and writing). The skills must be taught integrated without ignoring  the language components: vocabulary, pronunciation, and structures. Teachers should not teach the

language skills and language components separately. And,  it is hoped that the students can communicate in the target language, both spoken and written. Consequently, grammar or structure cannot be separated from language teaching, although the main goal is to teach how to use language communicatively.

English structure plays an important  role in understanding English. By mastering the English structure the students will be able to develop their speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills.

English structure also has an important role to avoid misunderstanding in communication. Question Tags is one of topics which should be taught in the first term program in the third years of SMP. According to Swan (1988:511) short questions or tag questions are very common in spoken English. Native speakers often used them at the ends of their sentences. The term of the same thing in Bahasa Indonesia is kalimat pengukuh. In Bahasa Indonesia, it is also used very commonly in speech. We    often hear Indonesian people say “bukan ?” at the ends of their sentences. Cook and Suter (1980:107) also stated that  tag questions are satements which become questions by having a yes-no question element “tagged” on at?????????????

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THE PROBLEMS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TEACHING TRANSACTIONAL INTERPERSONAL DIALOGUES BASED ON SCHOOL BASED CURRICULUM (KTSP)

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

 1.1 General Background of the Study

Language as a means of communication has an important role in our daily life, in case of communicating to another.  English  as a second language in Indonesia has been taught from elementary school up to university.  For many years, learners have learnt it, but the facts show that many students who study English as a foreign language are unable to apply in oral practice and the result of teaching English is considered “far from satisfactory” (Ramelan 1992:3).  The general description of Indonesian students can be represented as follows:

“Most SMU graduates are still  very poor in their reading comprehension since they can not usually read or understand articles in English dailies magazines, which are now in circulation here; let alone there

ability in writing which has mostly been over-looked in our schools.  In speaking skills is another linguistics skill of  our student which is least-developed.” Trying to catch up and improve the qualities of education especially in the field of language teaching, the governments of Indonesia and the linguistics have been doing some researches, but unfortunately, still no satisfactory improvement can be gained (Huda 1999:ix)

The unsatisfactory result of English teaching is not merely because of the students or the teachers themselves.  There are many factors, which affect the result of teaching such as time allotment, games, methodology, teaching material, the use of visual aid and also other aspects like curriculum. All factors mentioned above work together in affecting the result of teaching.

Now, our government has been applying the newest curriculum, namely School Based Curriculum (KTSP) as revision of curriculum 2004.  It is stated in Government’s Rule (Peraturan Pemerintah no 19/2005) which is also supported and issued in National Education Rule (Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional RI no 24/2006).

The change of curriculum is made with the hope that there will be changes in the teacher as the doers of curriculum, in the teaching and learning activities and also the student output to be better than previously.  To teach speaking using \the current curriculum proposed by government is not easy since teachers are accustomed to the old system and not easy to change, not to mention that the newest curriculum has not been completely fully understood by teachers.

The model of competence in newest  curriculum is to be based on the communicative competence, but it is also stated that teacher may use any kind of method, approach, and teaching technique.  Even so, the learning process must be directed to the purpose of competence acquisition in which students are able to use the language in communication.  The approach, method and the technique must be flexible.  As a teacher, if one approach seems to be failing, teacher must readily adopt another strategy.

The purpose of learning based on competence is to get the competence itself, therefore the approach, method and teaching activities depend on the instructional manager in line with the capacity and provided resource as long as the basic competencies can be reached (Depdiknas 2003:9). The fact says that some aspects like method of teaching, curriculum and others which have been supporting  teaching English skill especially in speaking, have not been again and again revised.  In other word, the success or????????????????????

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THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ INTEREST AND THEIR ACHIEVEMENT IN READING SHORT PASSAGES

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1      Background of the study

In Indonesia, English is considered to be the first foreign language. It is taught as a compulsory subject from junior high school (SMP) up to senior high school (SMA). The 1994 English curriculum emphasizes the learning process on the development of language skills, but it does not mean that the teaching of language components is left. Reading skill gets  the main development because of some reasons such as the students’ needs for future study and English which is regarded as foreign language so the reading skills are regarded as important skills to develop.

Although the reading skill has been taught for a long time, the result of teaching is still considered to be unsatisfactory. Having this unsatisfactory fact, I \am aware of the fact that reading is complex and many factors affect it. Here I took reading short passages as the media. Therefore, a classroom teacher should be

able to detect and overcome all the problems that could lead to their reading weakness. To some extent, the reading weakness is caused by internal factors of the learner, such as attitude, aptitude, motivation and interest. Those factors can not be ignored in teaching reading for example through reading short passages.

Many psychologists state that students who possess favorable internal factors will usually be more successful in learning reading than those who possess less favorable internal factors. This is because they are able to learn things without a lot of help and guidance from other people. Interest is one of the learner’s internal factors. It may have a significant influence on the student’s reading ability. Kartini Kartono (1985:5) says that if a student has a strong interest in learning a subject, she or he will pay close attention to that subject.  On the other hand, if she or he is reluctant to pay attention to the subject being learnt so she or he does not have a strong interest as well. 

More explanation about this is that if students never look at, say or hear another word of English after they leave  school, learning to read in English will nevertheless equip them with reading skills which they can transfer in their own language. Furthermore, students who learn to enjoy reading in English may become more motivated to learn English  in general and this is a good boost for \any teachers. And at its turn, reading is acquired well. This can contribute to the students’ enjoyment. Moreover, Bernstein as Quoted by Henry an Emerald (1961:274) states that high interest in a subject is?????????????

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