THE TEACHER CONTENT BASED INSTRUCTION IN SPEAKING AT THE SECOND SEMESTE

THE TEACHER CONTENT BASED INSTRUCTION IN SPEAKING AT THE SECOND SEMESTER OF ????

CHAPTER I   

INTRODUCTION

A.    Background

English is one of the human languages in the world that has important role in communication. It has become international language and almost practiced in all part of life, especially in this global era that has full of competition and English becomes one of determiners and assessments of the competition. So that it is important for us to learn the language. It is similar to the statement that English has dispersed and diversified, has been adopted and adapted as an international means of communication by communities all over the

globe.

There are four skills that we have already known in English, namely writing, speaking, reading and listening. Later, the skills should be taught better to master and get complete thought about English itself because each skill has general or specific function in communicating. But we cannot deny that speaking is the most important one for asking information and conversely for delivering information, speaking is the direct system of communication

Speaking is making the use of words in an ordinary voice, offering words, knowing and being able to use a language expressing one-self in words, and making speech (Hornby 1973 : 45). Speaking is a crucial part of second language learning and teaching. However, today’s world requires that the goal of teaching speaking should improve students’ communicative skills because students can express themselves and learn how to use a language.

Nowadays, many teachers agree that students should learn to speak the second language by interacting to others.  For this case, students should master several speaking components’, such as:???????????

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Improving the Students’ Writing in Narrative Text through Beyond Centers and Circle Time (BCCT) Method for the Tenth Grade of SMA Negeri

Improving the Students’ Writing in Narrative Text through Beyond Centers and Circle Time (BCCT) Method for the Tenth Grade of SMA Negeri

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.    Background

Writing is one of the four skills in English that is necessary to be taught.   Many students say that writing is the most difficult one. It is caused by their ignorance about what and how to write.Writing is admitted widely as one of the most difficult skills that students ever do, either in foreign language or in their native language.

There are many students find that difficulty when they are asked to write because they do not know how to start and what topic that they should choose. Besides that, uninteresting topic and unsuitable teaching methods can influence students’ interest in writing ability. To break through the problem, English teachers have to be more creative in choosing the materials and methods which can make the writing class

more interesting, exciting, and enjoyable. It can be done by choosing an appropriate material and method that students like based on the students’ level and background of knowledge.

Writing will be used as a generic term to refer to all the various activities that involves transferring through paper. Writing that focuses primarily on the conventions of language form, i.g. grammatical or lexical structures will be termed transcription. The term composition will refer to the skills involved in effectively developing and communicating an idea or making  a point. There are many methods and techniques in teaching and learning writing. If the method of teaching English is suitable for the students, they will enjoy it. So, the students will enhance their ability in the language. Besides that, the teacher gathers some information about the students’ progress and then doing the evaluation to measure the students’ achievement. It is better to give the students some assessment to measure their achievement in writing. Basri. D (2007)

                                    The most important reason for teaching writing is that it is a basic language skill, just as important as speaking, listening and reading. Students need to know how to write letter, how to put written reports together, they need to know some of writing’s special convention such as punctuation, paragraph construction, etc just as the need to know how to pronounce spoken English appropriately.

                 After conducting diagnostic test, the researcher decides to implement The  beyond  centers  and  circle time  (BCCT)  to  enhance  the  students writing narrative  text. It will be held at the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Baraka.  In the school, the researcher has found some problems which related to writing skill that is faced by the students. The student’s skill is still low and so far from the target of score where the students’ average score is (53.62%) . meanwhile the succesful minimal criteria (KKM) are 70. It’s mean that, the researcher still needs to take an action for the next cycle.

            The researcher did an observance in the tenth grade of SMA Negeri 1 Baraka and the writer observation of some students did not know how to make correct in writing especially in writing narrative text. So, the researcher hope that the tenth grade has got good achievement of writing narrative, but the fact indicates that their achievement is still low. In this context, there is a gap between what we hope and what the fact show. So, it is important to find out a good strategy in teaching narrative text. Based on the problem above, the researcher will conduct this research under the title “Improving Students’ Writing Narrative Text through Beyond Centers and Circle Time (BCCT) method. (A classroom action research at the tenth grade of SMA)

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THE USE OF SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION IN TEACHING WRITTEN PROCEDURE TEXT

 

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

 1.1  Background of the Study

Language as a means of communication is used among human beings in order to establish social relation. Language is a system of sounds and words used by humans to express their thought and feeling. By using a language, people are able to convey their message to express their ideas in oral, written or sign language, so that they can cooperate and get along with each other. Generally, people in a community understand and speak their language well enough to carry out every activity.

English as one of international language has become lingua franca, even though it is not the language with the largest members of native or ‘first’ language speakers. Here, a lingua franca can be defined as

language widely adopted for communication between two speakers whose native language are different from each other’s and where one or both speakers are using it as  a ‘second’ language (Harmer, 2001:5).

English as an international language is spoken in most international events and is used as the medium of information flow on science, technology and culture. English is also as a part of our national education. It has important roles in intellectual, social and emotional students and as an important key to be success in learning all lessons. 

In order to make English teaching-learning process is successful, Indonesia has applied many kinds of  curriculum. Nowadays, the  government has arranged the 2006 School-Based Curriculum named Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP). School-Based Curriculum is the development of the Competence Based Curriculum (CBC). Both of them have the same purpose of developing the skills of understanding and producing various short functional and monologue texts, and essay in the form of narrative, descriptive, recount, procedure, report, news item, and the hortatory exposition texts. 

English has been taught for a long time, it does not mean that result of teaching in our schools is satisfactory. (Ramelan 1992:3) states that: Most SMU graduates are still very poor in their reading comprehension, since they can not usually read or understand articles in English dailies magazines, which are now in circulation here; let alone their ability in writing, which has mostly been over looked in our schools. In speaking skills is another linguistics skill of our students which is least develop.  

Looking at the above quotation we find that besides reading and speaking, writing is one of the four skills in which the students failed to master. \The unsatisfactory result of English teaching is not simply because of the \students themselves or the teachers. There are other factors which affect the final result of teaching such as time allotment, the use of visual aids, methodology, teaching material, and other facilities (Ramelan 1992:3-4). All factors mentioned above work together in affecting the final result of teaching or in other words, the success or the failure of the English teaching depends on the factors involved in it.

There are four language skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing) that people should develop in order to  master English. In this study, writing is more emphasized than others. As one of the language skills, writing is an important medium to express ideas. Heaton (1975:138) states that writing skill is complex and difficult to teach, requiring mastery not only of grammatical and rhetorical device but also of conceptual and judgement. Based on the statement above, English teachers should have some variations in teaching writing. Writing is one of the ways to improve students’ ability in expressing their ideas, stories and memories into written form.

There are many writing texts, such as descriptive text, narrative text, report text, procedure text, etc. In this study, the writer will discuss about procedure text. Anderson et. al (1997:50) state that a procedure text is a piece of text that gives us instruction for doing something. The purpose of the procedure text is to explain how to do, make or play something. Gerot, et al. (1994:86) state that social function of procedure text is to describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of actions or steps.

Procedure text is a kind of text  types included in School – Based  Curriculum for Senior High School students.  Procedure text is  very important to be learned because first, it is a kind of text types included in School – Based Curriculum for senior high school students especially in year ten. Second, it is a daily needs. Students will find many written procedure text such as??? ???????????????????????

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