THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING JIGSAW TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING JIGSAW TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A.      Background

English is dominant foreign language and functions as an international language. In Indonesia, the use of English as the printing media has been familiar for decades. The local and international public of tempo magazine and the Jakarta post and some other English magazines provide evidence for such situation. The use of English  as a tool to deliver materials in those media indicates that English is widely used in indonesia.Viewing this condition, english this adopted in the curriculum by which big proportion

of school hours given to the teaching and learning such this  language has been regarded to anable students to have competence  in skill of English including reading, writing, speaking, and listening.

English as a subject matter in school covers four basic language skills. They are reading, writing, speaking and listening. In every subject, students learning activities involve reading. Reading is one of the complex ways in learning English. It is a kind of activity to comprehend the writers ideas or the way the writer communicates with the readers by way of the written or printed words (2009, www.if.ia.org.). Reading is very important for everybody in order to cope with new knowledge, experience, and to develop new concept and broaden hid horizon of thinking, which are needed to ensure the containing personal growth and adapt the change the world. As Brewton (1962:1) in Indo Tallo (2002:2) stated that much of what you now today you have learned through your reading and much of  what you will need to find out in the future you  will search for in books, magazines, and newspaper. In connection with that, Harvey(1990) in Indo Tallo (2002:2) stated that the purpose of reading is to inform ourselves about something we are interesting in or challenge our knowledge on certain matters in other words to extends our experience of the world in which we live. In order to acquire these purpose successfully, it is expected to apply learning strategies. One into account is using techniques in teaching reading.

Teaching a foreign language especially English is not as easy as teaching the first language, because it is something new for the students of Junior High School. The students will certainly face many problems. Up to this time, we often hear the disappointment of English teachers because of low scores of their students in the final exam Bustami Subhan(1990) in  Anteng ria(2007). Considering the importance of reading skill, the teacher should improve the teaching of reading comprehension. The teacher can use some methods of teaching reading so that the students can enjoy and be stimulated in learning EFL reading comprehension.

In indonesia, some English teacher still uses traditional or conventional method in teaching, especially to teach reading. Conventional method usually make student bored because is monotonous and the students are not active, so the atmospheres of learning seem stiff. So. Efforts to improve student learning achievement cannot be separated from the various factors that influence. In this case, is needed creative teacher that can make learning process more interesting and preferred by the students. Classroom atmosphere should be planned and constructed in such a way by using appropriate learning model that students can get a chance to interact with another.

English teaching method is changeable. The method should be interesting and students centered. One of the teaching methods is cooperative. Through this method, students are active in the learning process, because the will learn more thought a process of constructing and creating, working in a group and sharing knowledge. Nevertheless, individual is responsibility is still key of success in learning English

Cooperative learning method is believed as been able to give chance for student to be involved in discussion, has courage and critical thinking in is willing to take responsibility of his/ her own learning. It does not mean the teacher is not participating in classroom but in learning process, teacher has rule as designer, facilitator, motivator, and guider in the learning process.

A cooperative learning method has several types, namely write –pair- shared, group investigation, STAD, TGT, TAI, and JIGSAW. One of its interesting is jigsaw method. The jigsaw classroom is very simple to apply. Jigsaw is strategy of the learning method which demands the students to learn on group with 4-6 members’ students who have heterogeneous ability. Each home group member meet in expert group to study the material assigned to each member. After discussion, they go back in to their group members and explain their discussion to his/her group member.

Based on statement above, is concluded that teaching reading puts the emphasis on rising students motivation so that the teaching learning process of reading will result in better students achievement of reading. The researcher interesting in the real implementation of jigsaw, so the researcher conducted the research under the title “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING JIGSAW TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION”

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IMPROVING THE STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION THROUGH LISTEN-READ-DISCUSS (LRD) STRATEGY AT THE SMA

IMPROVING THE STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION THROUGH LISTEN-READ-DISCUSS (LRD) STRATEGY AT THE SMA

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A.    Background

Nowadays, science and technology development demands people to increase their knowledge and experience. One way to increase their knowledge and experience is by reading. Reading is one-step to study effectively. Through this step, it can develop our memory, comprehension, and more knowledge for example when the people study textbook, article, short story, and even a novel. Reading can increase our science and give us knowledge information. Reading is an activity with a purpose. Someone may read for many reasons, for instance to gain information and exiting knowledge, or in order to critique a writer’s ideas or writing style.

Reading is one of the basic communicative skill,  but it has very complex process. It can be said that, reading is a process in which reader finds information given by the writer in the written form. In this case

, reading can be said as an interactive process, checks, and ask questions about what the text is about. Leonard (1961) states that reading involves nothing more than correlating sound image, that is ”spelling” while Robert Karim (1980) defines that reading is as a thinking process instructing the ideas of the authors.

Reading comprehension is not just reading with a loud voice but reading is established to understand the meaning of word, sentences, and paragraph sense relationship among ideas as it is. If a student just reads loudly but can’t understand the content of the text, it means that he fails in comprehending passage. (Simanjuntak 1998:4)

The theory of comprehension assumes that effective understanding is a function of the relationship between present information and active knowledge , and that effective communication therefore depends on the degree to which listener and speakers share a  common semantic “field”.(Buhler,1908). When preparing students for a reading activity, we can help them become aware of relevant prior knowledge, while we judge whether or not that knowledge is sufficient for comprehension of the text. And that point we will be able to make knowledgeable decisions about reading assignments and instruction and related concepts, (Langer, 1981:153)

Most of students in south Sulawesi find difficulties in comprehending a short story for example to identify the character of the actors and the plot of the short story, so that, learning English needs a good strategy for their students, we must try to think whether our strategy, the teachers should understand what the best strategy is suitable or not because it can give a impact to students. All the point of the object must be understood. This orientation is consistent with Buhler’s (1908) “field theory” of comprehension, which assumes that effective understanding is a function of the relationship between present information and active knowledge, and that effective communication therefore depends on the degree to which listeners and speakers share a common semantic “field”.

In teaching learning process we see that most of the teachers just use conventional teaching in the class, so I think if the teachers use a technique to the students in the teaching reading materials it can increase their reading comprehension because with technique the students can be easy to comprehend than without technique. The technique of teaching reading are very important to influence the students in success reading. A technique can help students in reading so in teaching English a teacher must use technique or methods where can help students to comprehends easy what the teacher teach to them.

A strategy that is Listen-Read-Discuss method is one of strategy can be used by the teacher in teaching. A technique can help students because learning strategy for students more effective than without a technique. Because teching by a technique the students more effective in learning. it is suitrable with that Manzo said that the listen-read-discuss method is one teaching strategy for the teacher and learning strategy for the students more active in comprehending material. (Manzo, 1985) 

Based on the explanation above, the research uses L-R-D strategy to overcome the problems. The researcher is interested in applying this strategy so the research will conduct the research entitled “improving the students’ reading comprehension through Listen-Read-Discuss (LRD) strategy at the SMA.

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USING VISUAL DICTIONARY IN TEACHING VOCABULARY

USING  VISUAL DICTIONARY IN TEACHING VOCABULARY

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

 1.1 Background of the Study

In Indonesia, English is the first foreign language. English has a major position in Indonesian educational system. It is one of the compulsory subjects to be studied in junior and senior high school in today’s Indonesian curriculum. A large number of public and private universities and colleges realizing the demand of producing graduates mastering English. That’s why English is included as one of the subject to be taken in early semester of the study. More over, now there is a preference to teach English at Elementary Schools even in kindergartens.

The students are expected to have skills of language in simple English with emphasis to have speaking skill using selected topics related to their environmental needs such as tourism industry. It is in line

with the objectives of learning English at Elementary School as stated in the local content of teaching guidelines that one of the objectives of learning English at Elementary School is that the students are expected to have skills for listening, speaking, reading, and writing English with the emphasis on mastery of speaking skill for communication using selected topics related to the environmental needs such as tourism and business in Central Java Province.

Teaching children is not same as teaching adults because they have different characteristics and different motivations. In order to make English teaching successful, we have to consider some factors such as the quality of teacher, students’ interest and motivation, the book used and the others. All of them are involved in a teaching and learning process. In teaching English to children, a teacher plays an important role  because he has to give the very basic introduction of the first foreign language. He must be able to know the students’ interest and motivation in learning English. 

Vocabulary is a fundamental requirement that influence students’ achievement in studying English. Without vocabulary there is no communicate, read, and write can be conveyed. So that, it is important to know what the vocabulary is. As follow is the definition or concept of vocabulary by some experts.Good (1973:143) defines that vocabulary as the words having meaning when heard and seen even though not produce By the individual himself to communicate with others and the words are considered essential for minimal use a language.

Techniques are the tools of a teacher. An effective teacher has a multitude of technique and must be able to select the ones, which will be the most efficient in leading the learners to the desired terminal behavior. To reach the success in teaching and learning process, teacher needs some teaching media such as regalia, chart, picture, etc.

The writer believes that by using visual dictionary the students should find vocabulary learning both stimulating and enjoyable. By using visual dictionary, as means of teaching vocabulary, the students will be interested and more enthusiastic in learning vocabulary.  Learning in enhanced, and has more  meaning when students have direct experience beyond the textbook with the material studied. Direct experience not only make for better learning but can bring about much better teaching, because it may involve more work and planning.

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Improving the Students Listening Comprehension through Dictoglos strategy at the Second Year Students of SMA

Improving the Students Listening Comprehension through Dictoglos strategy at the Second Year Students of SMA

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.    Background

         Everybody has learned their language since they were children, especially their mother tongue. The process occurs naturally and properly with a view to communicate in society environment. Listening comprehension plays an important role in building communication skill, as well as we know, communication is a part of human’s daily activity. Through communication by using language, we can share our ideas with other people. In that way, a smooth interaction between people can take place.

English is one of language that has been learned in many countries. As an international language, it

has significant role to assist human communicating one another, more over, in globalization era. Mastering English both written and spoken are absolutely needed, especially for Indonesians who live in a developing country. Besides, it is useful to follow the globalization era to become a modern nation. Thus, English is taught formally in high school as a compulsory subject, even now the elementary schools have begun to introduce English in their curriculum (Nurmayanti, 2008: 1).

Psychologically, many factors influence the success of learning, such as, the teacher and the learner. The success of learning depends on the teacher and learner. Rasyid (1990), the factors influencing the low achievement of language class are low motivation and interest of the students.

Therefore, in this case the English teachers have to consider how to motivate, arouse the students’ interest and ability, and also look for ways to make the teaching of the language more interesting, so that the students will enjoy learning it and they can improve their ability on the language.

In learning language, there are some basic skills that the students have to master. One of these basic skills is listening. Listening is the foundation of all human communication

Listening is one of the most important language skills. Feyten (1991) claims that more than 45% of communicating time is spent listening, which clearly shows how important this skill is in overall language ability.  However, the students always think it is difficult to listen well because sometimes they are bored and not interested in the subject. The lack of interest and motivation of the students to study may be caused by the methods and techniques that are not suitable with the students’ need or the students’ interest. Of course it can be the serious problems for the students. As the result, they are not enthusiastic in learning English and it can influence their achievement such as in listening comprehension.

As a teacher, it is important to find out some methods to solve the problems that faced by the students. One way to attract the students’ attention in learning English especially for listening is using dictogloss strategy. The use of dictogloss as a strategy in teaching listening will help the students to be an active listener. Active listening make the students listen with an active mind so that they can understand and know about the meaning. The use of Dictogloss in the classroom will make the students interested and enjoyed in learning language because it is a classroom dictation activity where learners listen to a passage, note down key words and then work together to create a reconstructed version of the text. 

The listening comprehension is the concentration of this research because this skill is required to understand people in speaking and it is required to make communication in English. Students may be able to speak English but they get difficulties on their listening. The poor ability in listening will make students difficult to understand or interpret the message sent by the speaker.

Based on the information from an English teacher and observation result about the students achievement especially in listening comprehension at SMA PGRI Sungguminasa, the students achievement in listening comprehension are still low where the???????

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