USING GROUP WORK TO IMPROVE CHILDREN’S SPEAKING ABILITY ( A QUASI EXPERIMENTAL)

CHAPTER I

In this chapter, the paper will elaborate the background of the study. It will discuss how indonesian students having problem in speaking English because of lack of interaction. The description of the problem will emphasize the benefits of using group project to improve children speaking ability.

 A.   Background

Laidlaw, (2006) states that language is a means of communication. Language can be a medium for giving information and it reflects on various things as well. Speaking is so importantin acquiring and using a language, and language-competence covers so many aspects. Phonetics, both theory and practice constitutes the basis of speaking above. Speaking is a tool of communication thatis very easy to understand the meaning if the speaking is smooth, but if the speaking is disjointed and mispronounced, others might not understand the meaning. It is analogous to a fish out of water. Pronunciation is the foundation of speaking. Good pronunciation may make the communication easier and more relaxed and thus more successful,but poor pronunciation can never facilitate effective communication. If they didn't know how to pronounce each word

or sentence in the right way, this children was sure to lead to a failure of communication

English has been introduced in indonesia to elementary school children. Partly, it is because of the rapidly developing technology of the English speaking countries and the fact that there are 300 million native speakers of English and over 250 million of non-native speakers who use English in the world (Broughton et al, 1980). The second reason is that the assumption that younger learners have advantages in learning second language more successfully than adult, Hence, indonesian primary students need to master speaking English.

To master speaking English, those students need to have an opportunity to use the language actively. Children can be active when they have the opportunities in practising the language with others. Orther people, Vygotsky (1962) cited in Cameron (2001) states, play important roles in helping children to learn, bringing objects and ideas to their attention, talking while playing and about playing, reading stories, and asking questions. Children learn by interacting with other people through speaking, therefore, interaction is essential for children in learning English.

Children need to interact both with their teacher and their classmates. Through interacting with their teacher and classmates, they would possibly get feedbacks. Feedbacks are essential in learning because it letsstudents know what has been learned and what has not yet been understood and it also possibly gives students motivation (Wragg, 2001). However, many indonesian teachers tend to give feedback in discouraging way such as pointing out mistakes in front of the classroom. Therefore, when students interact with their teacher, many indonesian students are afraid or shy to say words in English. When students speak in front of the class, they have a feeling of being judged by their teacher. Therefore, beacuse many indonesian teachers tend to give feedback in discouraging way, feedback needed to be delivered in supportive ways.

In terms of supportive ways, Moon (2005) states that there are three support types teacherscan provide their students which are language, techniques/resources, and children themselves. Teachers should adjust their language to children’s level of language. Teachers also should give appropriate tecniques which support children to be confident in speaking English. One of the tecniques is grouping which is related by the third support that is children themselves. Children can support each other in groups through three ways: 1). By watching other children, 2). By listening to and getting help from other children, and 3). By practising with other children (Moon , 2005). Therefore, working in small groups is a way to make children be more confident in speaking English.

SILAHKAN DOWNLOAD SKRIPSI ATAU PROPOSAL LENGKAPNYA

DANDAPATKAN REFERENSINYA DI SINI

 

An Analysis of the Students Problem In Changing Active to Passive Voice (experimental)

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.    Research Background

English as one of the international languages where almost all of the countries entire the world learn and use it, makes English as the most popular language in the world, not only as the second language but also as a foreign language. Indonesia is one of the countries where English as the foreign language had developed it as one of the optional subjects for high school since in 1994 curriculum, while in 2004 curriculum, it had been emphasized about the position of English in curriculum framework as the local content. It means that in educational field, Indonesia has developed English just more fifteen years, both in curriculum framework as in document and in practical in the classroom.

In Indonesian educational field nowadays, English had been developed in variety of ways. Many kinds of models and teaching method had been presented in the class to make English more fun to be learnt.

Especially for grammar class, where English looks very difficult with formula and rules, it needs to apply attractive methods in teaching and learning process in the classroom. The traditional grammar method in teaching English begins to be left and comes to the more improved methods. Furthermore, English does not only focus on the language learning but more to the language use.

Teaching English will be concerned with the capability of the student to produce what they have learnt, than just become the competence that might be student doesn’t know how to apply it. The learning process should bring students to the real situation in their nearest environment, such their experience. It will more encourage the student to find the motivation for them to produce easily in their active skills, both in speaking and writing. The two productive skills will show the competence to what students have learnt.

Voice in English grammar refers to the active and passive use of a verb. The active voice is used in making a straightforward statement about an action and the passive voice, the same action refers to indirectly. In this research the writer analyze the problem of the students in changing from active voice to passive voice

SILAHKAN DOWNLOAD SKRIPSI ATAU PROPOSAL LENGKAPNYA

DANDAPATKAN REFERENSINYA DI SINI

 

Increasing the students’ writing ability through Send a Problem method ( Classroom Action Research)

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.    Background

Writing is expression of the writer’s idea by producing graphic symbols to form words, words to sentences, sentence to paragraphs on the paper, so the reader can follow what the writer means. ( Kroma and Byrne in Baya, 2006:13)

The ideas in symbol form as what Kroma and Byrne says above, may come from the writer’s felling or may come from the prior knowledge of the writer, such as; the result of reading book or magazine, watching TV, or even come from a discussion and seminar. The symbols can be expressed such on a paper in order that it can be consumed by someone or public. Of course that writing has a special contribution whether for the reader or the writer itself. Martin in Axelrod said that writing has a special contribution to the

way of people think. When we write,  we compose meaning. We put together facts and ideas and make something new, whether in a letter home, in a college essay, or in a memo to the boss. When we write, we create a complex web of meaning in which sentences have different relationships to each other. (Axelrod and Cooper, 1985:2)

He continued that writing also contributes uniquely to the way we learn. When we take notes during lectures or as we read, writing enables us to store new information in memory. Talking notes permits us later to review far tests or to find information for an essay.

Although writing has a great contribution, however it is not easy to make a good or appropriate writing. According to Heaton, in making a good and appropriate writing in English, it needs many abilities. Besides language use ability (the ability to write correct and appropriate sentences) and mechanical ability (the ability to use correctly punctuation and spelling), conceptual and judgmental ability are also needed (J.B. Heaton, 1991:135).???????

DAPATKAN PROPOSAL ATAU SKRIPSINYA LENGKAPNYA DI SINI

DAN DAPATKAN REFERENSINYA DISINI