Increasing the Students Listening Comprehension through Dictoglos strategy at the Second Year Students of SMA

Increasing the Students Listening Comprehension through Dictoglos strategy at the Second Year Students of SMA

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.    Background

         Everybody has learned their language since they were children, especially their mother tongue. The process occurs naturally and properly with a view to communicate in society environment. Listening comprehension plays an important role in building communication skill, as well as we know, communication is a part of human’s daily activity. Through communication by using language, we can share our ideas with other people. In that way, a smooth interaction between people can take place.

English is one of language that has been learned in many countries. As an international language, it has significant role to assist human communicating one another, more over, in globalization era. Mastering English both written and spoken are absolutely needed, especially for Indonesians who live in a developing country. Besides, it is useful to follow the globalization era to become a modern nation. Thus, English is taught formally in high school as a compulsory subject, even now the elementary schools have begun to introduce English in their curriculum (Nurmayanti, 2008: 1).

Psychologically, many factors influence the success of learning, such as, the teacher and the learner. The success of learning depends on the teacher and learner. Rasyid (1990), the factors influencing the low achievement of language class are low motivation and interest of the students.

Therefore, in this case the English teachers have to consider how to motivate, arouse the students’ interest and ability, and also look for ways to make the teaching of the language more interesting, so that the students will enjoy learning it and they can improve their ability on the language.

In learning language, there are some basic skills that the students have to master. One of these basic skills is listening. Listening is the foundation of all human communication

Listening is one of the most important language skills. Feyten (1991) claims that more than 45% of communicating time is spent listening, which clearly shows how important this skill is in overall language ability.  However, the students always think it is difficult to listen well because sometimes they are bored and not interested in the subject. The lack of interest and motivation of the students to study may be caused by the methods and techniques that are not suitable with the students’ need or the students’ interest. Of course it can be the serious problems for the students. As the result, they are not enthusiastic in learning English and it can influence their achievement such as in listening comprehension.

As a teacher, it is important to find out some methods to solve the problems that faced by the students. One way to attract the students’ attention in learning English especially for listening is using dictogloss strategy. The use of dictogloss as a strategy in teaching listening

Improving the Students’ Reading Comprehension through Guided Reading Strategy at the Second Year of SMPN 1.”

Improving the Students’ Reading Comprehension through Guided Reading Strategy at the Second Year of SMPN 1.”

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.    Background

Globalization is new term describing new conditions which all nations, societies or formal state become close one another. In this era our world seems to be smaller before. People agree that globalization is caused by communication and information instrument, particularly those which something to do with technology, for instance, radio, television, internet, etc. Indeed the globalization era cannot be separated from

the concept of information and the role of language such English and Arabic. Whether we like or not, we are obliged to master foreign languages. (Noer: 2006)

   Language is used to communicate with others and it permits sharing of ideas and experiences. One of those languages is English language which becomes an international language. English is considered in applied as international language. Since then, it is very popular and has been spoken and learnt by almost people in the world. In Indonesia, English has been taught in educational institution as one of the important skill. To know English well, people must be able to speak, read, write, and listen.

Reading is one of the major skills to master English. By reading we can get information, knowledge and pleasure. Today there are so many books are written in English. Since the students study at the Elementary School, Junior High School, Senior High School they have been taught English. The priority of teaching English in school is reading because it can cover the three other skills. The people who always read books are written in English, they will easier to do the other skills as Achsin (1985) states that “reading skills involves the three other skills: listening, speaking and writing.” But, the problem is most of the student cannot catch or comprehend what they are reading. Students may have ability to read English reading material, but it does not mean that they can also comprehend reading material. They are also difficult to read aloud with good pronunciation.

Based on the result of observation before in PPL at SMPN 1 Pallangga, the students’ ability to read or catch what is actually stated in the text (literal) and what is implied or meant in the text (interpretive) is low. Therefore, the students need teaching strategy which can improve their skill in reading comprehension. Many strategies have been applies in schools or collage just to make the students understand what they have learned, and of course each strategy has good values for students. And this research tries to apply a strategy namely “Guided Reading Strategy”.

Williams states that guided reading is concerned with the teaching of reading; it is not just about hearing children read. There should be a specific focus and learning objective for the reading session. Guided reading includes not only the decoding of a text, but also the understanding and interpreting of that text. Students should engage with the text, critically evaluating it and reflecting on their responses to it, bringing prior knowledge to their understanding of the text. In guided reading, students develop the skills of inference, deduction, justification and evaluation.

Based on the statement above, the researcher is interested to study entitled “Improving the Students’ Reading Comprehension through Guided Reading Strategy at the Second Year of SMPN 1 Pallangga.”

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IMPROVING THE STUDENTS VOCABULARY MASTERY THROUGH LIST GROUP LABEL STRATEGY (EXPERIMENTAL/PTK)

IMPROVING THE STUDENTS VOCABULARY MASTERY THROUGH LIST GROUP LABEL STRATEGY (EXPERIMENTAL/PTK)

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.    Background

Learning English is very important, because English has become an international language, which is used  by most communities in the world. Many countries use English as their second language. In spite of the difficulties in studying English, it is worthwhile to study the language because it plays a very important role in almost all fields  of life such as: communication, commerce, economy, politics, education, science, technology

and so on.

 Finocchiaro stated that “Language is a system of arbitrary, vocal symbol, which permits all people in given culture or other people who have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or to interact”. (Finocchiaro, 1974:3).

Vocabulary is one of the  language components that  have to be taught to the students in learning a foreign language. Petty and Jensen (1980: 76) support the idea by stating; “since the knowledge of words and word meaning is essential in both the expressive and receptive aspect of language, vocabulary building is vital to the early language program”. Unfortunately, many students consider learning vocabulary as a tedious job. Because of that, the teacher should look for an effective technique to make learning vocabulary easier, more pleasant, and enjoyable.

Vocabulary as one of the important aspects in grammar has a very important role in supporting the four language skills. Harmer (1984:149) states that in teaching foreign language, including speaking, writing, and reading and listening skill, it is impossible to use those skills without vocabulary. Without possessing an extensive vocabulary, we will be unable to use all we have learned for comprehensible communication, including the structures and the functions.

In teaching vocabulary there are many strategy, one of them is list group label The rationale behind this strategy is based on the notion that categorizing words can help children organize new words and experiences in relation to previously learned words. LGL attempts to improve upon the way in which children learn and remember new words. LGL was originally used in science and social studies classes; however, the strategy seems appropriate across the curriculum.

Based on the explanation above the researcher will apply the list group label strategy to improving the students vocabulary mastery at the (school)

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“The Effect of Picture on the Eight Grade Students’ Vocabulary Mastery”.

“The Effect of Picture on the Eight Grade Students’ Vocabulary Mastery”.

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A.    Background

Teaching English in our country has been developed extensively because English is an international language in the world. Therefore, Indonesian government has brought it as a local since at the elementary school. In teaching English vocabulary as an element or language is considered as the most important factor in increasing the mastered if the students are still lacking of vocabulary. Vocabulary is a part of language

learning that need continuing growth and development by both native and non native speakers long after grammar and pronunciation elementary school until senior high Scholl. In language teaching preparation program in our country, more and attention being given to improve some technique for teaching vocabulary.

Learning vocabulary as a foreign language seems easy but some students feel fear. The teacher of English should find out solution by crating efficient and effective technique of teaching in teaching English

vocabulary, besides that, the teachers should establish condition which makes teaching vocabulary possible. The learning will occur within reasonable period of time. Vocabulary is when we speak and write; the term expressive vocabulary is used to refer to both since these are the vocabularies we use to express ourselves. We “understand” vocabulary when we listen to speech and when we read (Pikulski & Templeton 2004: 1).

Stahl (2005: 1) stated, “Vocabulary knowledge is knowledge; the knowledge of a word not only implies a definition,but also implies how that word fits into the world.” Consequently, researchers and practitioners alike seek to identify, clarify, and understand what it means for students “to know what a word means.

Realizing how important the vocabulary and how difficult students to build up the teachers of English have provided students with rich exciting exercise which are expected to help vocabulary mush be very helpful to improve the students’ ability in English communication. vocabulary is very important in a language, when we learn a language like English; we learn the words of language. Students must continue to learn words as they learn structure as they practice the target language. The vocabulary is needed very to master the four skills in English.

In fact, students’ mastery of English vocabulary is still lack. The students are also difficult to deliver their ideas because of their limitation of vocabulary. On the other hand, some students don’t have self-confidence speaking using that vocabulary. As consequence, students will be difficult to communicate to each other or share their opinion. So that, they should always improve their of vocabulary. Vocabulary not easy thing to do, we must be optimistic that can. Teacher has to make an effort to build their students’ vocabulary since students will have more opportunity to identify the words during the teaching and learning process.

In facilitating the students in learning vocabulary, English teachers should also provide materials that are appropriate with the curriculum and find suitable methods in teaching and learning process. Thus, media are to solve those problems. Media are important in teaching and learning English since they help both of the teacher and the students.

To help students understand the learning task or learning material is using picture. It has been generally accepted that  pictures,  especially  colorful  ones,  are  quite  helpful  teaching  aids  in introducing new vocabulary to students because generally, people would keep in their mind for a long period of time something that they have learned or experienced which is interesting to them.

Zarei & Salimi (2012: 45) Picture is an easy way for simultaneous attention to the  building  blocks  of  second  language learning.  Using  picture  for  presenting  new vocabulary has been a fundamental principle in  many  methods and the using of picture  activities  form  a  mental link  at  the  early  stages  of  second  language learning,  especially  if  it  is  created  by  the students  themselves

They are assumed as the gate between the teacher and learners in transferring the materials being taught more easily during teaching learning process. To prove the use of picture is effective for the vocabulary increase of the learners, the writer is interested in doing observation to introduce under the title: “The Effect of Picture on the Eight Grade Students’ Vocabulary Mastery”.