Could Improving the students’ vocabulary using network vocabulary technique

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.  Background

Language is important means for human communication. It is used to make an interaction with other people in society and also it is used to express emotion, feeling, and opinion within the language. Vocabulary has an important role in all aspects of language skills. Someone cannot express his idea without has enough vocabulary.

Vocabulary is one of the elements in four language skill, namely listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Without understanding vocabulary, the students will be finding some difficulties. Therefore, the students must have knowledge vocabulary because it can positively facilitate the students to use English

effectively in their communication, in other words, it leads the students to use English well.

The students cannot express their communicative needs (ideas, emotion) to someone clearly because have lacking vocabulary. The students cannot communicate and grasp someone ideas that are transmitted to their, therefore vocabulary is regarded as the most essential aspect in English. It does not only influence oral form, peaking and listening but also written and reading. Obviously, vocabulary affects the four language skills as a keg to succeed in mastering in those skills. 

From the statement previously, it is fact that vocabulary is very important for those, who wants to master English well. There are many factor that the students will master English vocabulary such as the interest, motivation, or using some method in the classroom. To teach in the classroom the teacher should a good technique are preparation in teaching because the technique can help the students to understanding more the lesson

 One of the techniques which can be used in teaching English vocabulary is network vocabulary. Teaching vocabulary by using vocabulary network is good to improve vocabulary achievement of the students, because the students can find new words. Besides that vocabulary network is ????????????????????????

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Teaching Speaking Skill by using pakem approach at the second years at Smp X (PTK)

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.Background

Language is an international part of human being in their lives without a language life in the society would be impossible.teachers use language to communicate with the students or their colleagues to give explanation about the subject, to distribute their knowledge. Language consist of four skills namely : listening, reading, speaking, and writing. These skills are divided into two parts. The first part is productive skills and the second part is receptive skills.  Productive skills are speaking and writing. As well as receptive skills are listening and reading.

English as an international language plays an important role for communication in indonesia: it is becoming more and more important with the involvement of the goverment in the teaching english. The

english teachers are insisted to be creative to design many communicate activities in the classroom. The motivate students to use the language actively and productively. Anyhow, it is not easy for the teachers to guide the students to speak english in that classroom. Especially in speaking class since many students are frightening to give small talk in the classroom  (Vasille and Muliati 1990 : 50)

According to Harmer (2001:1) a lingua franca can be defined as a language widely adopted for communication between two speaker whose native language are different from each other’s and where one or both speakers are using it as a second language. In other words, it is used for communication between two speaker who have different native languages and they use more than one language as a second language. 

In Indonesia English is taught at SMP (junior high school), SMU (senior high school), in university, many courses and it has also been taught at SD ( elementary school). knowing that english is quite significant for indonesia in the future,the goverment always makes effort to improve the quality of english teaching. By improving the quality of teachers and other components in educational proccess, hopefully the english teaching can improved. One of the improvements of the english teaching deals with syllabus which is reflected in the materials given to the students.

Data from the school that, students have a low motivation to study english. They think english is very difficult subject, Beside that english is the second language in our country. so as a teacher we must creative to create  new learning, in other that students think english is very easy and fun to learn.

According To School Based On Curriculum Degree 2006 (KTSP, 2006:278) the aim of the english teaching in indonesia especially teaching english to junior high school is to enable students to have the ability in developing communicative competence in both oral and written form in achieving functional literacy level, to have the awareness about the essence and the important of ?????????????????????

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Improving the Students’ Speaking skill through Tongue Twister Technique at the second year in of SMK X"

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.  Background

Language is a means of communication both spoken and written form. As a meansof communication, it helps people share their ideas, knowledge, feeling and emotion. English is one of the subject matters learned by students that are given in some educational levels, such as; elementary, intermediate and upper intermediate level. It covers four language skills that must be mastered if someone wants to be successful in English.

There are four skills language in VocationalHigh School (SMK) namely reading, listening, writing, and speaking. Especially speaking skill, many students considered that learning speaking as a difficult subject. This difficulty is caused by psychology factor of the students and lack of teachers’ creativity in teaching

speaking English subject in Vocation High School (SMK). The students at the second Year students at SMK Sari Buana of Makassar still cannot communicate by using English.

Based on information from the English teacher at SMK Sari Buana Makassar at the second grade students especially at the class XII  that the students’ achievement in speaking was still low where the men score of the students’ speaking achievement still got score 5.47 or 54.70%, while the standard speaking in curriculum is 6.5. Because the students still lack in use vocabulary, correct grammatical, correct pronunciation and acceptable interaction. In this study, the researcher wants to solve this problem until the students have a good score. Therefore, through this mechanism the researcher would improve the students’ speaking achievement until achieve score 7.0 or 70% as target of in speaking.

From this reality, the teachers must creative to increase the students’ achievement to make success in learning. In order to enable students to express their idea in speaking, teacher must be creating varieties method in teaching. Many technique and methods had been conduct by the teacher; one of the alternatives in teaching speaking is using Tongue Twister.

Using Tongue Twister method will be helpful the students to speak up, help develop a skill which experts call phonemic awareness or the ability to identify and manipulate sounds (called phonemes) in words that are spoken. For someone who speaks to an audience, working with tongue twisters to build on his/her phonemic awareness helps to develop better articulation and pronunciation of words.

In this case, the teacher introduces a situation which contextualizes the language to be thought then presented, next the students practice the new language in a control way and then students are encouraged to use the new language in a free way either for their own purpose and meanings or ??????????????????????????????????????\

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Increasing Students’ Writing Ability by Using Sentence Reconstruction Technique at the Second Year of MAN X

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.    Background

Students as beginners in learning English usually make many mistakes in sentences. Sometimes they find difficulties in finding idea, they do not know how to arrange the vocabulary that they have into good sentences. In this case, the teacher should find out solution by creating efficient and effective techniques of teaching writing that can make the writing class more interesting, exciting, and enjoyable. It can be done by choosing the material appropriate with the students and take a techniques in increasing the writing ability if the students. One of them is “sentences Reconstruction Technique”.

There are various ways or techniques that have been used but still remains mistakes, Risna Akib (2006) find that the students’ ability to write sentence in English was very poor. It was seen thought the

means score that was 46,1. The law ability the students was concluded based on five criteria of writing, they are: content, organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanic. It means that the students need something difference which can improve their motivation in English learning process. The researcher will use sentence reconstruction technique in her research because it can help the students to change their knowledge in write good sentences.

One reason for learning to write is to transmit ideas to people, especially to those who are a distance in time and space. Another reason is the writing process helps you sort out and organize random thoughts, clarify what you really think and develop ideas. That is why people want to write because writing can be a media to communicate with others in one community or wider world. If someone can write well, he or she can communicate with a person who is a thousand of miles away from him; understand what he means and what he feels.

Relating to the above statement, the writing skill should be given much attention in teaching language and teach it previously to the students.  In order to, they are not let behind and can take a role in the modern society. However, the writing skill is a complex and sometimes difficult to teach; it requires mastery of not only grammatical and rhetorical devices but also of the conceptual and judgment element. There are many various skills necessary for good writing composition. It has five general components of main ideas. They are language use, mechanical skills, statement of content, stylistic skill, and judgment skill (Heaton, 1975).

Furthermore, the ability of mastering the sentence structure enables the students to combine, expand, and shorten the sentence and further enables them to produce perfect English with some various ways. Mastering the sentence structure will be understandable for the listeners and readers. If the students have good skills in sentence construction, they will be able to make and arrange the sentence into a paragraph, which is the beginning of how to be a good writer. This is relevant with what Widdowson stated in Muddin (1992:74) that language learning consists of efforts to get competence in constructing good sentences and to get knowledge about sentences or how to use suitable sentences in certain contexts.

In practicing English writing a sentence reconstruction technique can make the students to be active in writing. It is one of the ways to increase the students’ ability in writing. The advantage of using sentence reconstruction technique in????????

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Improving the Students’ Mastery Of Pronunciation through Team Assisted Individualization (A Classroom Action Research)

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A. Background

In English teaching, there are four language elements namely: Structure, Vocabulary, Pronunciation and Spelling. Those elements are through in order to develop the student skill in the language learning. One second of them should be noticed is pronunciation which is considered difficult element method that can be applied in learning pronunciation.

Nurhayati ( 2008 ) states that the pronunciation means knowledge of knowing to produce word which is very essential in oral communication when speakers mispronounce the word, people can be misunderstand. To reduce it, the teacher must equip the learner with English certain degree accuracy and fluency in understanding, responding and in expressing him self in the language in speech in other the learners

communicatively in using the language.

The specific characteristic of English learners who categorized as good and successful oral skill developer is those good pronunciation accent. A good pronunciation accent suggested is a accent of pronunciation that sounds like native speakers. Therefore, it is necessary for English learners to have a good pronunciation to support them to be good speakers ( Nurhayati, 2008 ). Teachers of English as a foreign language should be sensitive in viewing and overcoming such problems above. 

Among those language skills, one most focused until today is speaking. We know thatspeaking plays an important role in human communication. The importance of having ability to speak is becoming more noticed moreover for the students of English department. They are asked to be able to speak English. It will seem to be ridiculous when they still cannot use English in communication.

Although speaking is the easiest way of learning, it does not mean that speaking has no component. It is like other language skills, each student must begin speaking by knowing its components such as fluency, accuracy, spelling and pronunciation. Those components relate to one another and need learning in order to have pleasant speaking. The absence of one of those components will produce a poor result of speaking.

Realizing this problem, the students need to focus in one speaking component. In this case, pronunciation is chosen as one phenomenon in English. It refers to the way in which a language or a particular word or sound is pronounced. (Hornby AS, et. Al, 1974. Oxford Advenced Leorner,s Dictionary of current. English. USA N London. O. U ). Pronunciation is definitely the biggest thing that people notice when we are speaking. We use English for communication so automatically we need pronunciation. Good pronunciation should be one of the first things that we learn in English. We still can communicate without using advanced vocabulary we can use simple words to say what we want to say. We do not have to use advanced English grammar because we can use simple grammar structures instead but there is no simple pronunciation.

Pronunciation has its own components to learn and it is not simple as well as many people think. If we try to contrast between English and Indonesian language we will find that there are some sounds in English pronunciation that are absent in Indonesian language. We call it as contrastive sounds. For instance the phonetic of /θ/ and /ð/ in words such as “think” and “the.” Many Indonesian pronounce them as /sIη/ and /de/. This is a common mistake that cannot be overlooked because can cause misunderstand.

Therefore, thestudents have to learn the English pronunciation as much as possible in order to improve their pronunciation skill so that their pronunciation is intelligible. In doing this, they will need one strategy that can???????????????????/

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