Improving the Students’ Reading Comprehension through Aesthetic Realism Method

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.    Background

Nowadays, science and technology development demands people to increase their knowledge and experience. One way to increase their knowledge and experience is through reading. Reading is one of the effective ways to gain information. If people say a book is the window of the world, we can say that reading is the eye of the world, because we can identify things through reading. Reading is one of the basic skills of English, but it has a very complex process where the reader tries to discover meaning in print page or script. Through reading one can enhance his experiences, develop new concept and increase his thinking or knowledge.

Reading as one of the basic communicative skills’ of English, reading is an important part of English, as the way of gaining information from written source. Harmer (1991: 68) states that reading is useful for

other purpose; it provides good models for English writing and also provides opportunities to study language. For the reasons it will be important to make the reading activity as effective as possible.

Indonesian curriculum has put English as compulsory subject to learn from elementary until university, where reading is one of English skills that the students must master. Besides that, in the final examination test of each school level almost 90% are reading test form where the students are asked to find out the information of text (Depdiknas, 2009). So the teacher has to pay attention for this case or for reading subject even most of the students considered that reading is difficult subject.

Most of reading methods and strategies has been used in the classroom alternately. The result shows that some the students’ English reading achievement is still far from satisfaction. Hafsah (2005:35) assumes that the students find difficulties in reading such as they do not understand the content of the material, what the text about and also hard to find main idea of paragraph. So the question now is how to make the students are interested in learning reading or we can say what should be teacher done to increase the students ability in reading especially in identifying information of the text.

The observation result when the researcher conducted teaching practice at the second year of SMK , the students’ reading comprehension skill still poor.  All of the students can be read but only a few of students can comprehend or can understand what they have read especially English text. It because many factors such as the students consider that English is a subject that very difficult, bored and scares because meaning and letters are different. The other factor is the teacher always uses the same method to teach English subject like the direct method. It is also make the students more bored to study English. As value of observation in the classroom the students’ has score 5.5. This score is as a poor category. In this research the aim is to solve this problem until the students have a good score, while the standard curriculum is 6.5. The researcher wants to achieve the score at 7.0 target in learning reading comprehension.

Facing the problem above, the researcher would like to introduce a method that could be used by teachers to improve their teaching and can help the students to have better comprehension in learning English reading, it is Aesthetic Realism Method.

Using Aesthetic Realism Method will be helpful the students in reading. It makes substantial improvements in their ability to answer comprehension questions based on textbook material, gains that are maintained over time.

Based on the explanation above, the researcher would like to conduct a class action research under the title “Improving the Students’ Reading Comprehension through Aesthetic Realism Method at the Second Year of SMK ”

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The Improving of The Students’ Writing Skill Through Reflection Learning Method

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.    Background

English is one of the international languages that is used by many people in the world in many areas of everyday life. Therefore, using English is the easiest way to communicate with people from other countries about many aspects in human life such as technology, economy, social, and politics.

In Indonesia, English is a foreign language. Learning a foreign language is an integrated process that the learner should study the four basic skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. We use with to understand our word through listening and reading and to communicate our feeling, need, and desires through

speaking and writing. By having more knowledge about language and getting what we want and need from these around us. The writer does not discuss all language skills but she limits to discusswriting (Fitriani,2009:1).

Writing is form of communication through which people can express their idea, feeling and knowledge. It is widely accepted that writing also crucial means of communication that cannot be separated for human life.

The importance of writing is coming to be more recognized. It is through the written mode that links with the outside world are formed (Smith, 2001:126). Writing enables the human being to communicate and express their feelings and opinions. Writing is a means of both communication and self expressions.

Writing is considered the most difficult to be learned and mastered because itinvolves some language components (spelling, language use, vocabulary, andpunctuation).That is why writing is regarded as the most difficult language skill to learn for a language learner.

One simply way of making writing more meaningful, and interesting to students is to have students writing a reflection and elaborate their experience. Reflection is popular for student, teenagers, adult, and even old people like remember about their experience. People have so many great ideas in their mind, so that they often make writing and keep them as a private collection, even publish the experiences. There is an advantage for students make them to elaborate their ideas in the writing form, because students are trained to expresses and motivate themselves making a creation.

Reflection itself can have many meanings and there is a need to define carefully its use in the context of reflection in learning for post-graduate students in information Systems where we are concerned with its expression in writing (januarty,2007)

The activity-reflection model of is of particular relevance here. It’s expressed in a learning cycle which starts with an initial experience and activity, and after reflection and observation (which is most closely allied to ‘negotiation of meaning’ or???????????????????????????????????

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The Use of RAFT (Role Audience, Format, Topic) strategy in learning and teaching reading

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

                                                                           

A.    Background

English is an international tool of communication. It is used to communicate with each other by people from different countries all over the world. English plays an important role because it is a tool of communication in all aspects in most of the part of the world, whether in social in interaction, science technology, politics, economics, cultural, and education.

It is intended to enable the students to communicate and express their ideas in English and have a good command in reading comprehend text book and information written in English for the shake of national

development in the field of education.

In learning English there are four skills that should be mastered by the students, they are listening, speaking, reading, and writing. These skills always become the target of the final learning objectives. In other words, the four language skills are the result of a long process of learning; they are the application of the knowledge of language that the learners get during process.

Reading is one important aspect in learning English. Reading itself is complex and complicated process because it involves the internal and external factors of students. The internal factors are everything from the students which can be taught; as a result of an interaction in reading process external factors are all the factors from outside of the students (Nunan, in Ilvirah, 2010:2).

Mc Worther, in Ilvirah (2010:2) says that reading is an active process of identifying important ideas, comparing, evaluating and applying them; therefore in reading paragraph we have to try to comprehend. Without comprehending the paragraph, it will be very difficult to understand what we have read or what the writer means in reading material.

In relation to the condition of the teaching of English reading comprehension faced by secondary school students. The students, who come to English classes, should be given sufficient opportunities to use their knowledge of language.

Based on the explanation above, the writer is interested to observe the RAFT (Role Audience, Format, Topic) strategy in learning and teaching, because it offers students a creative outlet for demonstrating understanding (Santa, 1988:10) it is flexible..................................

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The use of Community Language Learning Method (CLLM) IN Speaking Ability

CHAPTER I 

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the discussion on the background of the study, statement of the problems, objective of the study, scope and limitation of the study, significance of the study, assumption of the study, hypothesis of the study, and definition of key terms.

1.1  Background of the Problem

There are many languages used as a means of communication by people all over the world. One of them is English, which has a role as an international language. It is known as the first foreign language taught in Indonesia. It is started from Elementary School up to University, because it is important for developing the

science.

Many students in Indonesia do not like English. They get difficulties, boredom and confusing in learning it, because it is not their mother tongue. English teacher should be able to motivate the learners in learning this foreign language. Harmer (1993: 3) states motivation means a kind of drive that encourages somebody to pursue a course action. It should be done by every English teacher in order that the students are interested to learn this language. English teacher must be able to manage the teaching by using certain method in the teaching-learning process, so that the students will like it without boring and despair.

Community Language Learning Method (CLLM) as one kind of method in language learning, “where the learners become members of a community – their fellow learners and the teacher to learn through interaction with members of the community. Learning is not viewed as an individual accomplishment but as something that is achieved collaboratively. Learners are expected to listen attentively to the knower, to feely provide meanings they wish to express, to repeat target utterance without hesitation, to support fellow members of the community, to report deep inner feelings and frustrations as well as joy and pleasure, and to become counselors to other learners” ( Curan in Richard, at. all, 1986: 120)

In learning English there are four skills which are necessary to be mastered by the learners. Those skills are listening, speaking, reading and writing. Referring to the title, the writer limits the explanation to the speaking only. Speaking skill is very important skill that must be mastered by every language learners, because one is called mastering a language when he/she ????????????????????????????????

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